ESD, electrostatic discharge, is a spark or a micro-lightning bolt, that passes from one charged conductive surface to another conductive surface. This incredibly rapid transfer of what had previously been a static (unmoving) charge, can cause fires, explosions, EMI, RF, heat, light and even sounds.
It is this unseen, unfelt, unheard micro-lightning spark that must be controlled in the work environment.
ESD control programme
An ESD control programme includes the following points. By strictly complying with these, ESD damage can be minimised.
* ESD training and instruction.
* Handle ESD sensitive (ESDS) products only in an ESD protected area (EPA).
* Keep all conductors (including persons) on the same electric potential.
* Remove all 'common' (charge-generating) plastics from the EPA.
* Neutralise electrostatic charges on essential insulative materials by using ionisation.
Once an ESD control programme has been implemented, it is necessary to routinely monitor the programme to make sure every element is working properly. A comprehensive programme should include the following equipment:
* Static locator or static field meter: to demonstrate electrostatic charges or to determine whether electrostatic charges are present.
* Wrist band, footwear/shoe grounder tester: for testing wrist bands, grounding cords, footwear or shoe grounders.
* Surface resistivity meter: for testing worksurfaces, floor mats and flooring.
* Charged plate monitor: for testing ionisation equipment.
For ESD evaluation, assign an ESD coordinator. The following needs to be looked at: which components are ESDS? Where are ESDS handled? Which processes can cause ESD? Where do ESDS products go to after leaving the plant? Quantify damage and loss due to ESD.
Protection
Optimal ESD protection can be achieved by a combination of: ESD training and instruction; ESD protective products; and frequent monitoring of the above.
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