Test & Measurement


PAM-4 analysis software for real-time scopes

1 July 2015 Test & Measurement

Keysight Technologies introduced measurement software designed to help engineers quickly and accurately characterise PAM-4 (pulse amplitude modulation with four amplitude levels) signals using the Keysight V-Series, Z-Series and S-Series real-time oscilloscope platforms.

Mobile computing applications are demanding more of the underlying computer Internet infrastructure. To enable increases in Internet and server farm performance, higher-speed connectivity among server systems is required. Conventional communication techniques often relied upon NRZ (non-return-to-zero) encoding.

Industry experts contend NRZ will not work in a 56 Gbps environment. One way to overcome this challenge is to change the modulation technique from NRZ to pulse amplitude modulation. This allows engineers to dramatically increase the amount of data they can send across high-speed digital communication links.

Several industry standards bodies are actively promoting PAM-4 technology to enable the next-generation speed class and push higher data rates for a given channel compared to traditional NRZ signalling. While PAM-4 technology leverages some traditional NRZ measurement algorithms for PAM-4 signals, to fully analyse system performance, unique PAM-4 measurements and parameters are required.

The N8827A (for the V- and Z-Series) and N8827B (for the S-Series) PAM-4 analysis software offers measurements such as eye width, eye height and eye skew; level amplitude, level noise and level skew; and amplitude level linearity. Engineers can combine the N8827A/B option with existing Infiniium real-time oscilloscope software tools to provide even more powerful analysis capability.



Credit(s)



Share this article:
Share via emailShare via LinkedInPrint this page

Further reading:

Compact high precision magnetometer
Future Electronics Test & Measurement
Bosch Sensortec has introduced the BMM350, a compact 16-bit, 3-axis magnetometer engineered to deliver high accuracy, low noise, and exceptional energy efficiency in space constrained designs.

Read more...
Ultra compact NTC thermistors
RS South Africa Test & Measurement
Murata Manufacturing Co. has expanded its compact NCU03 series of NTC thermistors with two ultra-small 0603M devices tailored for consumer and automotive designs.

Read more...
Omniflex uses LoRaWAN to track water usage
Omniflex Remote Monitoring Specialists Test & Measurement
Omniflex has helped New South Wales Ports improve its ability to track water usage by installing remote monitoring to 38 water meters at its Port Kembla site, sending the data to the NSWPorts web portal.

Read more...
Surviving the extremes: Understanding shock and vibration in MEMS sensors
Altron Arrow Editor's Choice Test & Measurement
By considering factors such as mechanical headroom, damping, and system-level robustness, designers can ensure that the chosen sensor not only survives, but performs reliably over time.

Read more...
Advanced pressure monitoring sensor
EBV Electrolink Test & Measurement
The Infineon KP497 is an advanced, highly integrated digital pressure sensor designed for demanding automotive and industrial applications, with a particular focus on battery management systems.

Read more...
Slimline 150 W bench PSU
Vepac Electronics Test & Measurement
The PeakTech P 6222 is the company’s new, slim laboratory power supply that offers precisely adjustable output values of 30 V and 5 A with a continuous power output of 150W.

Read more...
Redefining edge intelligence in RF analysis
Vepac Electronics Test & Measurement
The HAROGIC PXR Series bridges the gap between benchtop-grade RF performance and high-performance edge computing.

Read more...
Otto Wireless appointed as sole agent for Dragino Technology
Otto Wireless Solutions Test & Measurement
Dragino is a globally recognised leader in LoRaWAN and Internet of Things products and solutions, and is known for delivering reliable, cost-effective hardware.

Read more...
AI-ready rugged spectrum analysis for the field
Vepac Electronics Test & Measurement
The HAROGIC PXR Series is a rugged, benchtop-grade spectrum analyser and an AI-ready open platform in a single portable instrument.

Read more...
Digid announces its nanoscale temperature and force sensors are ready for mass deployment
Test & Measurement
Digid, a pioneer of nanoscale sensing technology, recently announced that its patented printed electronics fabrication technology has been fully qualified for volume production of temperature and force sensors as small as 1 µm long.

Read more...









While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained herein, the publisher and its agents cannot be held responsible for any errors contained, or any loss incurred as a result. Articles published do not necessarily reflect the views of the publishers. The editor reserves the right to alter or cut copy. Articles submitted are deemed to have been cleared for publication. Advertisements and company contact details are published as provided by the advertiser. Technews Publishing (Pty) Ltd cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or veracity of supplied material.




© Technews Publishing (Pty) Ltd | All Rights Reserved